Biography of Stephen Hawking, Physicist and Cosmologist

Stephen Hawking (January 8, 1942–March 14, 2018) was a world-renowned cosmologist and physicist, especially esteemed for overcoming an extreme physical disability to pursue his groundbreaking scientific work. He was a bestselling author whose books made complex ideas accessible to the general public. His theories provided deep insights into the connections between quantum physics and relativity, including how those concepts might be united in explaining fundamental questions related to the development of the universe and the formation of black holes. Fast Facts: Stephen Hawking Known For:  Cosmologist, physicist, best-selling science writerAlso Known As:  Steven William HawkingBorn:  January 8, 1942 in Oxfordshire, EnglandParents: Frank and Isobel HawkingDied: March 14, 2018 in Cambridge, EnglandEducation: St Albans School, B.A., University College, Oxford, Ph.D., Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1966Published Works:  A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, The Universe in a Nutshell, On the Shoulders of Giants, A Briefer History of Time, The Grand Design, My Brief HistoryAwards and Honors:  Fellow of the  Royal Society, the  Eddington  Medal, the Royal Societys Hughes Medal, the  Albert Einstein  Medal, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Member of the  Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Wolf Prize in Physics, the Prince of Asturias Awards in Concord, the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society, the Michelson Morley Award of Case Western Reserve University, the Copley Medal of the  Ro yal SocietySpouses: Jane Wilde, Elaine MasonChildren: Robert, Lucy, TimothyNotable Quote: â€Å"Most of the threats we face come from the progress we’ve made in science and technology. We are not going to stop making progress, or reverse it, so we must recognize the dangers and control them. I’m an optimist, and I believe we can.† Early Life Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in Oxfordshire, England, where his mother had been sent for safety during the German bombings of London of World War II. His mother Isobel Hawking was an Oxford graduate and his father Frank Hawking was a medical researcher. After Stephens birth, the family reunited in London, where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.  The family then moved to St. Albans so that Stephens father could pursue medical research at the nearby Institute for Medical Research in Mill Hill. Education and Medical Diagnosis Stephen Hawking attended school in St. Albans, where he was an unexceptional student. His brilliance was much more apparent in his years at Oxford University. He specialized in physics and graduated with first-class honors despite his relative lack of diligence. In 1962, he continued his education at Cambridge  University, pursuing a Ph.D. in cosmology. At age 21, a year after beginning his doctoral program, Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as motor neuron disease, ALS, and Lou Gehrigs disease). Given only three years to live, he has written that this prognosis helped motivate him in his physics work. There is little doubt that his ability to remain actively engaged with the world through his scientific work helped him persevere in the face of the disease. The support of family and friends were equally key. This is vividly portrayed in the dramatic film The Theory of Everything. The ALS Progresses As his illness progressed, Hawking became less mobile and began using a wheelchair. As part of his condition, Hawking eventually  lost his ability to speak, so he utilized a device capable of translating his eye movements (since he could  no longer utilize a keypad) to speak in a digitized voice. In addition to his keen mind within physics, he gained respect throughout the world as a science communicator. His achievements are deeply impressive on their own, but some of the reason he is so universally respected was his ability to accomplish so much while suffering the severe debility caused by ALS. Marriage and Children Just before his diagnosis, Hawking met Jane Wilde, and the two were married in 1965. The couple had three children before separating. Hawking later married Elaine Mason in 1995 and they divorced in 2006. Career as Academic and Author Hawking stayed on at Cambridge after his graduation, first as a research fellow and then as a professional fellow. For most of his academic career, Hawking served as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a position once held by Sir Isaac Newton. Following a long tradition, Hawking retired from this post at age 67, in the spring of 2009, though he continued his research at the universitys cosmology institute. In 2008 he also accepted a position as a visiting researcher at Waterloo, Ontarios Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. In 1982 Hawking began work on a popular book on cosmology. By 1984 he had produced the first draft of  A Brief History of Time, which he published in 1988 after some medical setbacks. This book remained on the Sunday Times bestsellers list for 237 weeks. Hawkings even more accessible A Briefer History of Time was published in 2005. Fields of Study Hawkings major research was in the areas of theoretical cosmology, focusing on the evolution of the universe as governed by the laws of general relativity. He is most well-known for his work in the study of black holes. Through his work, Hawking was able to: Prove  that singularities are general features of spacetime.Provide  mathematical proof that information which fell into a black hole was lost.Demonstrate  that black holes evaporate through Hawking radiation. Death On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking died in his home in Cambridge, England. He was 76. His ashes were placed in London’s Westminster Abbey between the final resting places of Sir Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. Legacy Stephen Hawking made large contributions as a scientist, science communicator, and as a heroic example of how enormous obstacles can be overcome. The  Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication is a prestigious award that recognizes the merit of popular science on an international level. Thanks to his distinctive appearance, voice, and popularity,  Stephen Hawking is often represented in popular culture. He made appearances on the television shows The Simpsons and Futurama, as well as having a cameo on Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993. The Theory of Everything, a biographical drama film about Hawkings life, was released in 2014. Sources â€Å"Stephen Hawking.†Ã‚  Famous Scientists.Redd, Nola Taylor. â€Å"Stephen Hawking Biography (1942-2018).†Ã‚  Space.com, Space, 14 Mar. 2018.â€Å"Stephen William Hawking.†Ã‚  Stephen Hawking (1942-2018).

Do Men Get Paid More Than Women - 1716 Words

Gender Pay Gap When I was younger, I was taught I can be anything I want to be in the world, as long as I put all my energy and time into it. When I got my first job, me and a male co-worker performed the same tasks every day, but when we compared paychecks his wages were higher than mines. We both worked for the company the same amount of time, but he was promoted over me even though I applied for a promotion. I always thought, well the managers truly believed he deserved the position because he was more qualified than me, but turns out it was gender bias. Oprah Winfrey quoted â€Å"Excellence is the best deterrent to racism or sexism†, meaning that excellence does not have any bias or discrimination. So my research question is why do men get†¦show more content†¦Weber and Durkheim’s ideas are not directly related to my social problem. In the early 1800s women were seen as inferior towards men. Women never had a voice, and was always controlled by a male relative. Females moving from girlhood to womanhood their fathers were in charge of their everyday events and growing up they had to respect every male relative in their families. Once a woman is married her duty is to her husband that will make all the family decisions. The goal of a woman during this time period was to bear and raise the children, tend to the house chores like cooking and cleaning, and finally serving her husband. Women did not have any rights and were prohibited to receive education or engage in professions allowed to men. Only rich and wealthy families were allowed to educated their daughters but only through the knowledge of reading, writing and etiquette on becoming a proper woman. Even though women could not work high end jobs, they still did minor jobs by either working in factories or in domestic service like cleaning, becoming a nanny, co oking, and doing laundry for wealthy families. The low level jobs were only offered to women; however, they still were not recognized during this era. Beginning in the 19th century women began working in textile mills, clothing factories, workshops, coal mines, and on farms. According toShow MoreRelatedWhy do men get paid more than women?1000 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do men get paid more than women? Women work just as hard for less money and women barely get opportunities to show off their skill. All women should have the right. Whatever men can do, so can women. (Currie, Stephen) Still Title lX has made a huge difference in sports. Money became a big issue, simply because the money went straight to men sports. In 1971, the boys programs got cut back by $ 3,000 dollars. Still the girls programs were eliminated. Some females do not always get the extraRead MoreThe Equal Pay Act ( Epa ) Of 19631007 Words   |  5 Pages1963, many women were paid less for doing the same work as men. This division of wages often caused hardships and bitterness forcing women to work more hours on a weekly basis in order to make the same amount of money as their male counterparts. In order to understand the impact of the Equal Pay Act, you must first understand its purpose, the benefits, and also consider the negative effects. The act caused a maximum amount of the women to get paid a similar amount of money as men did. It dependedRead MoreThe Pay Gap Between Men And Women1128 Words   |  5 Pagespay gap between men and women has become quite a topic today. The difference in pay are very common now in many career paths where men and women are doing the same work amount. It is rare to think that when men and women are performing the same task and are just as qualified as each other that they would get paid the same. As the â€Å"wage gap† is being discussed more, the question is why do men and women have different wages when they are working the same job. While it seems that men don t have toRead MoreGender Inequality During The Workplace1613 Words   |  7 Pagescheck and she noticed how she was paid far less than him even though they both had the same position and worked the same amount of hours. Throughout various aspects of society the problem of females being portrayed as inferior to their male counterparts has been a long lasting issue—this plight is also known as gender inequality. A specific example in society where gender inequality can be seen is through discrimination by gender in the work place. The presence of women in the workforce has been growingRead MoreGender Inequality For Women Working1209 Words   |  5 Pages Women Inequality: Gender Inequality for Women Working in the US Labor Force. By Karla Hernandez English II Mrs. Desai 6 May 2016 Karla Hernandez Mrs. Desai English II 6 May 2016 Women Inequality: The Gender Inequality for Women Working in the US Labor Force. According to the International Trade Union Confederation ever since 1979 the equality gap in pay had gone up, in 2010 women now earned 81% of what male employees earned. That later changed the wage gap opened, woman pay dropped byRead MoreThe Pay Gap Between Men And Women1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthis book edition, it speaks about the pay gap between men and women. It focuses on the gender inequality, in United States, which causes set-backs for women in the workforce. There is a couple of reasons why women get paid less compared to a man. The book speaks about the statistics of wages between gender, the disadvantages with race, and the disadvantages of a women’s age. Gender inequality has existed for years but now more than ever women are striving to break the gap of gender inequality inRead MoreThe Gender Wage Gap And Focus On The Discrimination Against Working Women1350 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination against working women Thesis: I intend to assert that women deserve to be paid as much as men for the same job by the same employer. Introduction For the same employer and for the same job in the US, on an average, women get 79 cents for every dollar earned by their male colleagues. This indeed is an alarming figure noting that women have come a long way in attaining education at par with men and are extremely competitiveRead MoreDo Girls Can Do Better? Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesBoys Can Do Girls Can Do Better â€Å"You throw like a girl!† â€Å"You run like a girl!† Football is a boy’s sport.† No one is born thinking that men are superior to women. The idea is imparted in us when we are children. Parents of girls vary in their way of instilling this gender bias. Often girls are encouraged not to play with the boys, to dress a certain way to avoid looking â€Å"manly† or to play with dolls instead of trucks. For centuries women have been denied the same rights as men. But Why? Women and menRead MoreWomens Unequal Pay1333 Words   |  5 PagesDeclaration of Independence states that, â€Å"all men are created equal.† According to this constitution that we live in correlation with, it suggest and says that we are the same, no one is greater than anyone, whether it be a woman or man. In response to the statement, why should women be paid less than men? Woman should and deserve the right be paid equally for the same jobs they possess in comparison to men. Women have always been seen inferior to men, and in a result has impacted us in a negativeRead MoreThe Pay Gap Between Women And Men1738 Words   |  7 Pages The Pay Gap between Women and Men Imagine you are a women who works hard and does the same job as some of the men, now imagine you all are explaining your paycheck and you see you that your check is less than theirs. Although women work the same jobs as men they are not being treated like it. We live in an age where women are not financially equal to the men work the same jobs. Because of this there are struggling single mothers, and the mistreatment of hard working women. Over the years as the

The Insider Secret on Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets Discovered

The Insider Secret on Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets Discovered Practice brainstorming plenty of different essay prompts from the ETS website to get accustomed to coming up with examples that you may use to support your viewpoint. Others, naturally, scoff at the idea since they're such great writers. It is possible to then practice replicating successful connections between ideas in your practice essays. Also a reminder that you could work with me if you're searching for issue essay feedback. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets So, it's rather safe to say that the AWA score is a significant enough element in regards to admissions. Consequently, you'll wind up with a score much lower than that which you actually deserve. The GRE score is needed for the admission to numerous graduate programs. Ideally to target fantastic universities, any score above 4 is thought to be good. You can locate the list in their site and brainstorm at least 10 out of them before you like the exam. As the ETS website states, you don't have to be acquainted with all the many kinds of logical fallacies, but herein we'll describe the five that most commonly show up on the test. Test takers all over the world believe they can easily master AWA in a day or two. Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets - the Story You only want to say that the argument is unwarranted for a lot of reasons. As soon as you answer a question you are unable to return to review it or change the reply. To earn argument logical emotions never ought to be deemed as a tool. Whether the writer is correct in maintaining his thought or he's mistaken and ignores some vital issues that could render the argument baseless in some circumstances. In addition, do not at any point imply that the argument has any merits. International warming persuasive essay is supposed to convince the reader your argument or thoughts a re correct. You must discuss the trustworthiness of the argument. The question of argument essay is in the shape of an argument written by means of an author. You may discover that it is possible to use a number of them for many essays don't let the very first thing that springs to mind box you in. The 2nd essay would be regarding the argument analysis. The argument essay also requires you to have an excellent language. It is considered difficult by most of the students. The Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets Cover Up Job essay writing is a type of writing that you should master. Nowadays you know what it can take to receive an ideal essay score. You may observe that many Issue Essay prompts make statements that are hard to completely support. The issue essay in GRE needs an adequate amount of prep before the actual test. Not only do you have to read through GRE sample essays, but you also have to look for topics on which you may write GRE sample essays yourself and have them evaluated. If you want to know more regarding the GRE essay length, we've completed a distinct post on that. The GRE is composed of three unique sections. The ideal way to find out how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to examine a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. However you get ready for the essays, make sure you at least write a couple of each type before you take the actual GRE. There are dozens and dozens of mock essays on the net, and with a very simple google search, you can get access to different essays for the GRE. Employing good words improves the standard of the essay. There are quite a lot of sites that can help you in evaluating your essays and also in supplying you with useful GRE sample essays. Gre Argument Essay Samples Ets Secrets That No One Else Knows About The grade of the essay will be wholly judged by your capacity to choose 1 side of the coin, and how well you're able to develop and support that decision. Of course you'll find many folks who are unable to write logically which is the reason why they try to locate some fantastic custom writing service. Likewise, the writer is optimistic concerning the state promise to wash the river.

Autobiography Of My Childhood - 1788 Words

Excitement, fear, curiosity, temptation, discovery, wonderment. These words describe the elements that formed the personality of my youth, the proto-me, that would someday mold the adult that is conveying this cautionary tale. I was born in the North Eastern United States during the latter half of the 1970’s. The product of loving, if unadventurous parents. My earliest memory is of a kitchen sink; I recall, if I think about it hard enough, that my mother bathed me there as an infant. It may seem improbable to claim such a thing, but nevertheless, it is a memory. The surroundings of my home were a place of enjoyment for my younger self. By my fourth or fifth year of life, no place along the street of my home was off limits. The early†¦show more content†¦It’s my hope that you, the reader, will learn something from my experience. An athlete or body builder might say that the body is slowly strengthened by the tearing of muscle through physical activity, which would then be followed up by a few days of rest. New muscle is built by repeating this process over time. It’s ill advised to push this process too hard without a chance to recuperate; in contrast, the physical laborers that make up this country’s workforce are expected to return to physical jobs, day after day, regardless of the long-term damage that may be done to a person’s health. I held a progression of back-breaking jobs, roofing was the first. I cannot imagine that an outsider would know what true exhaustion is until that individual has depleted all their energy performing such work. Roofing, for example. A bundle of roofing tiles commonly weighs sixty to eighty pounds. It was my responsibility to hoist bundles on my shoulder, climb a ladder, navigate a pitched roof, often in eighty to one-hundred-degree weather, for eight to nine hours a day. What do you think that does to a person over time? The reality is that most people do it until they can’t. The roofing position turned out to be temporary, and I cannot say I was saddened to find myself looking for new work after my initial summer season. Finding employment without a collegeShow MoreRelatedAutobiography Of My Childhood861 Words   |  4 PagesOverland Park, Kansas I was born. I weighed 8 pounds 3 ounces and I was 20  ½ inches. The first people that came was my Grandma and Grandpa Bentley and my Uncle Ryan. Also my Grandpa and Grandma McNeely came. Everyone that came to visit me said I was really cute. At the Prince of Peace Catholic Church on May 22, 2005 I was baptized. My godparents are my Uncle Erik and Aunt Sandra. In 2008 my family and I moved to the house we currently live in now. When we moved into this house we actually got the paintRead MoreAutobiography Of My Childhood1423 Words   |  6 PagesFrom an early age I loved to read. At just two years old I begged my mother to enroll me into school. I watched as my older sister meticulously picked out her school o utfit each night in preparation for the next school day. At such a young age, I somehow knew that this thing called â€Å"school† was going to be something spectacular. My home was chaotic and reading became an escape and helped distract me from my unpleasant family dynamic. Beginning when I was 5 years old, I read novels, magazines, andRead MoreAutobiography Of My Childhood1346 Words   |  6 Pages I am 16 years old. My dog is a mix of Husky and Saint Bernard. My favorite flavor of cake is chocolate. I manage the wrestling team, and have since 6th grade. I own a Toyota T100. I have a 2 year old niece. I like roses. I want to go to college for business so I can own my own bakery. I have two brothers. My house looks like a log cabin on the outside, but it’s just a regular house on the inside. Though mint chocolate chip is my favorite flavor of ice cream, I love changing it up and getting differentRead MoreAutobiography Of My Childhood1140 Words   |  5 Pagescame to Licking Valley in the middle of kindergarten. I am the oldest out of three children and son of Ronald and Brandy Schneider. My father is a Highway State Patrol man. By the time a was 5 my parents separated. I haven t seen my biological mother since I was 12. My mother wasn’t the best parent you could have asked for, she had a problem drinking. Even though my parents separated I still have people who lo ve me and the best step mom you could ask for. I went to kindergarten when I was 6Read MoreAutobiography Of My Childhood1111 Words   |  5 Pagesfew inches. But one day, just for fun, my dad stood me up across the room from my mom. Walk to Mama,† he told me. Despite all expectations, I did. I got up and walked to Mama. I didn t even stumble. It wasn t that I couldn t walk, I just hadn t needed to. My mom carried me everywhere. It was a sign, albeit missed, of what was to come. I had also never spoken, not even baby babble. Many of my parents friends took this as proof that I was autistic. My parents, however, refused to believe themRead MoreAutobiography Sample610 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Does the task of memoir writing puzzle you? It’s alright. This autobiography example for students is here to show you that memoir writing can be easy and even exciting. All you need to do is to scroll this page down and enjoy this amazing sample and the related, practical hints. A Lazy Student Autobiography Example An autobiography is a story of your own life. Even if you think you don’t have much to include in your memoir, you can still make it quite interesting. Bill Gates said: â€Å"I always chooseRead MorePersonal Commentary On The Lives Of People Different From Ourselves1454 Words   |  6 Pagesnot mean I can not understand them. Autobiographies allow for us to begin to understand a story and a perspective that is different from our own. In Ricardo Rodriguez’s, â€Å"Achievement of Desire† he uses his own personal narrative to explain the effects that family had on his life. I will never have those same experiences, but by reading his narrative I can begin to understand the way his family influenced him. I have had always had a very close relationship with my parents so it was very jarring whenRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment By Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s autobiography, Confessions, he presents a dramatic tell all of his life story. During the eighteenth century, the period, known as the Enlightenment, swept across Europe. Rousseau found himself in the middle of all of it. The Age of Enlightenment was a time when scholars took to science to explain human nature and the world around them. His autobiography reflects how instead of following this trend Rousseau established a kind of counterculture to the Enlightenment. He didn’tRead More Chinese Cinderella by Adeline Yen Mah1433 Words   |  6 PagesAs the world continues to evolve, there are various social issues that exist. Childhood neglect is problematic in society, especially in China. In Chinese Cinderella, Adeline Yen Mah exposes the severity of emotional abuse and neglect of children through her personal experiences. Literature addresses this topic through the interactions of the characters and the plot of the novel. She conveys her autobiography through antagonistic characterization and her writing style of point of view and tone. LiteraryRead MoreColored People, by Henry Louis Gates Jr.1745 Words   |  7 Pagesfocuses primarily on African-American issues, both from the past and the present, is undoubtedly Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Born in 1950 and raised in the small, middle-class, colored community of Piedmont, West Virginia, Gatess acclaimed 1995 autobiography, Colored People, brings readers to a place and time in America when both the racial boundaries and the definition of progress were changing weekly. Colored People, however, is not about race specifically. Rather, it is a story which chronicles

Nobel Prize Winner’s Talk Free Essays

REPORT Nobel Prize Winner’s Talk (A New Kilogram Next Year) Main Speaker: Nobel Laureate Professor Klaus von Klitzing Lecture Topic: â€Å"A New Kilogram Next Year – How my Nobel Prize Contributed to this Development Date: Tuesday 2nd October, 2018 TIME: 6pm VENUE: JFK Lecture Theatre, UWI Immediately upon being invited to the event I was unbelievably excited. It made me feel like this vast world suddenly became smaller and things that seemed unreachable became all the more possible and all the dreams that could ever be dreamt could be truly actualized. Of course getting credit for attending was just a plus, but having such a once in a lifetime opportunity, to hear from one of the Rock stars of the scientific world definitely could not be missed. We will write a custom essay sample on Nobel Prize Winner’s Talk or any similar topic only for you Order Now They say that great leaders once had great mentors and that to be the best, you have to learn from the best. As such, hearing from one of the greatest minds in the world could not be passed. I had to know the secrets of his lifetime adventure. As I proceeded to the JFK Lecture Theatre, the surreal sunset and cool breezes brought an air of expectancy and anticipation. Located outside was a distribution table where we received additional reading resources. Upon receiving them, I walked inside not knowing what lay in the minutes ahead. The seminar, I found out, was hosted by CARISCIENCE (The network of Research and Development Institutions in the Basic Sciences in the Caribbean), in conjunction with the German Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation, The Faculty of Science and Technology of the UWI, the University of Trinidad and Tobago and the University of the Southern Caribbean. This, I believed to be very commendable, having all the collegiate institutions coming together for a common purpose. This should be the goal of every individual, organization and the global community as a whole. The event launched the annual CARISCIENCE Nobel Laureate Lecture Series and this year they invited Noble Laureate Professor Klaus von Klitzing, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1985, for his discovery that under the appropriate conditions the resistance offered by an electrical conductor is quantized; that is, it varies by discrete steps rather than smoothly and continuously. The lecture was moderated by Dr. Richard Taylor, while the opening remarks were given by Professor Dyer Narinesingh; the President of CARISCIENCE. He did elaborate on the goals and vision of the organization which included; a singular Caribbean intellectual space which encourages problem solving and converting knowledge into wealth creation. He also mentioned that they set out to foster collaboration with international affiliates which would expose stakeholders to relevant equipment, methods and technologies and henceforth be a voice for the Caribbean region. He also drew reference to Loreal’s vision : Diversity + Inclusion = Innovation The objectives of the organization seemed relevant and highly necessary to facilitate the ongoing progress being made within the region. To create a competitive, highly innovative, critically minded workforce to create a name and competitive edge for our Caribbean citizenry. He ended with the notion that â€Å"it cannot be business as usual† if we are to continue to harness the potential of young minds in this time. The Welcome Address was then presented by Professor Indar Ramnarine, who encouraged â€Å"impactful research that should reshape the boundaries of your fields.† I found this highly motivating as we seek to be world changers in this age. Not only to occupy space but to make a distinct dent in our respective fields and make full use of the time allotted us, to better humanity. He also stated that, â€Å"It is not only possible to understand the intricacies of the world but also to improve it.† Ah yes, our vision should indeed be: to identify the problem, gauge the solution, implement the solution and continue to improve the solution. The Introduction of the Speaker was performed by Dr. Brian Cockburn, who articulated a summary of the career paths and accomplishments of Professor Klitzing. This only sought to inspire me more on this journey to think bigger and dream larger. As soon as the Nobel Laureate Professor Klaus von Klitzing commandeered the stage, instantly the fires of passion that burnt ever so brightly oh so many years ago, was distinctly evident, burning just as intensely even at this age. This jovial character, was clearly thrilled to be speaking about his life’s work and the opportunities it still presented him today, in being able to visit the Caribbean. I immediately could not help thinking, wow, I hope at the closing end of my life, I still feel such passion, fervor and irradiate such vibrancy about the things that excite my soul. Not only was he surprisingly pleasant but his speaking skills were far from boring, as he carried us on the journey with him through the process of the discovery day, to giving us the information that we could indeed buy ourselves our own Noble Prize, however, in so doing not be privy to the elaborate â€Å"Hogwart-esque† feast they had to attend. It definitely seemed like something out of a storybook. He also mentioned the ages of the new Noble Prize winners for Physics this year, with Arthur Ashkin being 97 years and Gà ©rard Mourou being 76 years. Absolutely incredible! This just proves that age is just a number and that we should never let something like age stop us from achieving our full potential. This is a continuous learning process and Life is indeed the teacher. It demonstrates perseverance, diligence and discipline to the highest degree and there is lot to be learnt from their immense persistence to the task. (#whatisretirement?) As he proceeded to his topic â€Å"A New Kilogram Next Year – How My Noble Prize Contributed to this Development†, he explained how the initial constant was acquired. The Kilogram (kg), the basic unit off mass in the metric system and was considered equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram, a platinum-iridium cylinder (Big K), kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures laboratory at Sà ¨vres, France. The accuracy of every measurement of mass or weight worldwide, whether in pounds and ounces or milligrams and metric tons, depends on how closely the reference masses used in those measurements can be linked to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK). The most minuscule of accuracy discrepancies would have tremendous impact in fields such as medicine, engineering and electronics, which are dependent on precise measurements. Consequently, it effects other phenomena like force, energy and luminous energy, which use it as fundamental building blocks for measurement. It has been identified that the cylinder is indeed changing in measurement due to gas initially used in its creation and is now slowly seeping out of the cylinder, consequently changing its dimensions making it an unreliable standard for measurement. To facilitate this, a drastic change had to be made and as such in November 2018, the international scientific community plans to redefine the kilogram by basing it instead on a constant of nature, making it a profound moment in the history of measurement. Thus, since the kilogram remains the only SI unit represented by an unstable artifact, the redefinition included expressing the kilogram in terms of Planck’s constant, which would aid in avoiding future problems. Firstly, physicists required an accurate measure of Planck’s constant which is the quantum-mechanical number that relates how a particle’s energy relates to its frequency and through E = mc^2, to its mass. Thus once a fixed value is achieved to Planck’s constant, a new definition of the kilogram can be derived. In order to measure Planck’s constant precisely, two experiments are being conducted. One known as the Avogadro Project, involves counting the number of atoms in two spheres of silicon that each have the same weight as the Big K. Having obtained this number, the precise number of atoms comprising a particular substance, researchers can calculate Avogadro’s constant, convert it for a value for Planck’s constant and relate the kilogram to atomic mass. The second experiment uses an instrument called a watt (or Kibble) balance, which is a type of scale, that produces a value for Planck’s constant by measuring a one-kilogram test mass, which is calibrated by using Big K, against electromagnetic forces. Planck’s constant is proportional to the amount of electromagnetic energy required to balance the mass. Two differing universal constants are used in order to calculate the current and voltage that make up the electromagnetic force. The Josephson constant and von Klitzing constant are used. (Yes I got to meet one of the only two living remaining constants!!! I felt truly blessed.) The discovery of the von Klitzing constant, is part of the Quantum Hall Effect, which earned Professor von Klitzing, his Nobel Prize. While he worked at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, experiments conducted led to observations of the effect of magnetic fields applied to semiconductors allowed to cool to extremely low temperatures. This led to the discovery that electrical resistance rose stepwise, rather than smoothly and continuously, indicating an integer fraction of a specific number, 25,812.807 ohms, now identified as the von Klitzing constant. Thus, the Quantum Hall Effect is now used worldwide for calibrating electrical resistances and the von Klitzing constant is utilized by the scientific community to measure current in a watt balance. Essentially, the fundamental constants can aid in establishing possible units that can retain their significance for lifetimes and species to come, through the Quantum Hall Effect. Additionally, we were rest assured that the new kilogram will be defined in such a way that nothing will change in our daily life. It will be indeed more stable and more universal. Granted that as Henry Marks stated, â€Å"Science is measurement. Everything you measure is expressed in units,† this was definitely a plus. He continued by explaining who decides the best definition of the SI Unit, which comprises of diplomats from sixty member states and forty-four associate states, at the General Conference on Weights and Measurements. The most recent having occurred in August 2018, based discussions to adapt a resolution that would replace the current SI, with the revised SI, provided the amount of data uncertainties pertaining to the current standard. The precondition for the new kilogram must be reliable, as well as have an uncertainty smaller than fifty micrometers. This stipulation was fulfilled in July 2017, and as such would be finalized at the next conference which is to take place in November 2018. Finally, he noted that the best values of fundamental constants, (h, e, c Kb, Na) creates the most stable basis for the new system of units and hopefully by the next General Conference on Weights and Measures in November 2018, will be the replacement for the present SI System. The Professor, was also sure to reinforce the need as scientists to question continuously. Question nature and the way things work. Question the problems posed to you. Question what you understand and what you want to solve. He emphasized the need to always stay curious and always gain inspiration from other subject matter, which would bring new perspectives and ideas to trains of thought. He also asked several questions that he left up to us to solve. They included: Are fundamental constants really constant? How do they change due to cosmic radiation, global warming, with time? Are there other fundamental constants in the universe? What happens if you combine other fundamental constants? (with regard to velocity of sound/gases and temperature) What impact does the Quantum Hall Effect have on living cells? Opinion of the role and future of physics in life Physics is the cornerstone of life and everything surrounding it. Every basic principle rests on the foundation of Physics (of course this is me being highly biased). It involves the study of matter, energy and their interactions and other sciences are dependent on its theories to further develop their own and improve the quality of life. I do believe we have the upper hand as physicists and a greater responsibility to society to find answers to the most fundamental questions in life. To explain why the world work as it does and to provide adequate, substantial, mathematically correct evidence to question the bases of such thought. Physicists perceive beyond the normal realm and consider factors outside regular streams of thinking and are then conditioned to think outside the non-existent box. This will prove ideal to the future of Physics in this society, as we break down to the fundamental backbone of structures and understand how they function, how they can be improved and how they can be manipulated by variables. This skill is essential for countless applications and is necessary for continued development in any sector. Technological advances can occur due to the discovery of new particles, forces and structures in the subatomic world. There would also be enhanced computational and calculation power causing extraordinary leaps and bounds unfathomable before. With this would also bring the onslaught of artificial intelligence integrated lifestyles to the common man, allowing multipurpose use. Not to mention the development of quantum artificial intelligence if large-scale computing is actualized. Vast use of computers and electronics would lead to even more advanced medical breakthroughs with prosthetics, which would enhance the human experience and even possible come to define consciousness in terms of nature’s fundamental forces. Additionally with the exponential advancement in space technology, conditioning for studying and visiting the cosmos would seem closer to realization, even as space transport is made more readily accessible. Physics is indeed a driving force into a very futuristic ideal, expanding space and time, and blazing the trail for the reorientation of the human mind. Cheers to the future of Physics! How to cite Nobel Prize Winner’s Talk, Papers

My background free essay sample

I have always had the support and love of my family. They are the reason that I exist and the reason why I have life in this world. I come from a little town in Mexico, called, â€Å"El Por Venir Del Campesino.† If you look on a map, you would not see it because its size is so minuscule. Despite this, we always seem to have a heart of gold. For example, the day that we were short on money to buy food for the week my dad and I went to town and started selling tamales and cups of coffee so that we would have enough food for us. Saying this, I have always said that we are strong and we have a strong backbone. However, my dad found it difficult to succeed in this little town, even with the heart of gold along our side. We moved out to the United States or the â€Å"other side†. We will write a custom essay sample on My background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page No one in my family has graduated from High school and I plan to be the first to do this. I plan to finish all my schooling even going to college. My dad always says, â€Å"I want you succeed and do better than me, and actually become someone in life.† I take these words in consideration every day that I go to class. Making my dad proud is the main reason that I want to finish school. I want to see a smile his face when I go up to receive my diploma for high school and also for college. I see him work hours that i taught weren’t humanly possible. He is the reason that we have food in our plates. I do not want this to be my future. Even though I respect him a lot, I can’t see myself be doing this. It is hard for me to realize that a man with so much intelligence ended up like he did. I myself want to be a different man.